Ngakhale kuti mitengo ya nsungwi ndi rattan ikuchulukirachulukira, kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango, komanso kuopsa kwa kusintha kwa nyengo, nsungwi ndi rattan zikuoneka ngati ngwazi zosayamikirika pakufuna njira zokhazikika. Ngakhale kuti sizimaonedwa ngati mitengo—nsungwi ndi udzu ndipo rattan ndi kanjedza kokwera—zomera zosiyanasiyanazi zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri posunga zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m'nkhalango padziko lonse lapansi. Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wochitidwa ndi International Bamboo and Rattan Organisation (INBAR) ndi Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, wapeza mitundu yoposa 1600 ya nsungwi ndi mitundu 600 ya rattan, ku Africa, Asia, ndi America.
Chitsime cha Moyo kwa Zomera ndi Zinyama
Nsungwi ndi rattan ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri popezera chakudya ndi pogona nyama zambiri zakuthengo, kuphatikizapo zamoyo zingapo zomwe zatsala pang'ono kutha. Panda wamkulu wodziwika bwino, wokhala ndi chakudya cholemera mpaka makilogalamu 40 patsiku, ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chokha. Kupatula ma panda, zolengedwa monga panda wofiira, gorilla wa m'mapiri, njovu ya ku India, chimbalangondo chokongola cha ku South America, kamba wolima, ndi lemur wa bamboo wa ku Madagascar zonse zimadalira nsungwi kuti zipeze chakudya. Zipatso za rattan zimathandiza kuti mbalame zosiyanasiyana, mileme, anyani, ndi chimbalangondo cha dzuwa cha ku Asia zipeze chakudya.
Kuwonjezera pa kusamalira nyama zakuthengo, nsungwi ndi chakudya chofunikira kwambiri cha ziweto, chomwe chimapereka chakudya chotsika mtengo komanso chotsika mtengo chaka chonse cha ng'ombe, nkhuku, ndi nsomba. Kafukufuku wa INBAR akuwonetsa momwe zakudya zokhala ndi masamba a nsungwi zimathandizira kuti chakudya chikhale ndi thanzi labwino, motero zimawonjezera mkaka wa ng'ombe pachaka m'madera monga Ghana ndi Madagascar.
Ntchito Zofunika Kwambiri Zachilengedwe
Lipoti la 2019 la INBAR ndi CIFOR likuwonetsa ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso zothandiza zachilengedwe zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi nkhalango za nsungwi, kuposa za udzu, malo olima, ndi nkhalango zowonongeka kapena zobzalidwa. Lipotilo likugogomezera udindo wa nsungwi popereka ntchito zowongolera, monga kukonzanso malo, kuwongolera kugwa kwa nthaka, kubwezeretsanso madzi apansi panthaka, ndi kuyeretsa madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, nsungwi imathandizira kwambiri pakuthandiza moyo wakumidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale yolowa m'malo mwa nkhalango zobzalidwa kapena malo owonongeka.
Ntchito imodzi yodziwika bwino ya nsungwi ndi kuthekera kwake kubwezeretsa nthaka yoonongeka. Mizu yayikulu ya nsungwi pansi pa nthaka imamanga nthaka, imaletsa madzi kutuluka, ndipo imapulumuka ngakhale pamene zomera zomwe zili pamwamba pa nthaka zawonongedwa ndi moto. Mapulojekiti othandizidwa ndi INBAR m'malo ngati Allahabad, India, awonetsa kukwera kwa madzi ndi kusintha kwa malo omwe kale anali opanda kanthu okhala ndi njerwa kukhala malo olima opindulitsa. Ku Ethiopia, nsungwi ndi mtundu wofunika kwambiri mu pulogalamu yothandizidwa ndi Banki Yadziko Lonse yokonzanso madera osungira madzi oonongeka, okhala ndi mahekitala opitilira 30 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
Gwero Lokhazikika la Zaumoyo
Nsungwi ndi rattan, zomwe zimakula mofulumira komanso zimadzibwezeretsa zokha, zimathandiza kupewa kudula mitengo ndi kutayika kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Kukula kwawo mwachangu komanso kuchulukana kwa mitengo kumathandiza nkhalango za nsungwi kupereka biomass yambiri kuposa nkhalango zachilengedwe komanso zobzalidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zofunika kwambiri pa chakudya, udzu, matabwa, mphamvu zamagetsi, komanso zipangizo zomangira. Nsungwi, monga chomera chodzalanso mwachangu, imatha kukolola popanda kuwononga mitengo.
Kuphatikizika kwa kuteteza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana komanso kuchepetsa umphawi kukuonekera bwino m'mapulojekiti monga a INBAR's Dutch-Sino-East Africa Bamboo Development Programme. Mwa kubzala nsungwi m'malo otetezedwa a mapaki adziko, pulogalamuyi sikuti imangopatsa anthu am'deralo zida zomangira zokhazikika komanso zinthu zopangidwa ndi manja komanso imateteza malo okhala a gorilla am'mapiri am'deralo.
Pulojekiti ina ya INBAR ku Chishui, China, ikuyang'ana kwambiri pakubwezeretsa luso la nsungwi. Pogwira ntchito limodzi ndi UNESCO, ntchitoyi imathandizira ntchito zokhazikika pa moyo pogwiritsa ntchito nsungwi yomwe ikukula mwachangu ngati njira yopezera ndalama. Chishui, malo omwe ali ndi UNESCO World Heritage, amaika malamulo okhwima kuti asunge chilengedwe chake, ndipo nsungwi imawonekera ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri pakulimbikitsa kusunga chilengedwe komanso kukhala ndi moyo wabwino pazachuma.
Udindo wa INBAR Polimbikitsa Machitidwe Okhazikika
Kuyambira mu 1997, INBAR yakhala ikuchirikiza kufunika kwa nsungwi ndi rattan pa chitukuko chokhazikika, kuphatikizapo kuteteza nkhalango ndi kusunga zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Chochititsa chidwi n'chakuti, bungweli linachita gawo lofunika kwambiri pakukula kwa mfundo za dziko la China zokhudza nsungwi, popereka malangizo kudzera m'mapulojekiti monga Bamboo Biodiversity Project.
Pakadali pano, INBAR ikugwira ntchito yojambula mapu ogawa nsungwi padziko lonse lapansi, kupereka mapulogalamu ophunzitsira kwa anthu masauzande ambiri omwe amapindula chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku Mayiko omwe ali Mamembala ake kuti alimbikitse kasamalidwe kabwino ka zinthu. Monga Woyang'anira Msonkhano wa UN pa Zamoyo Zosiyanasiyana, INBAR imalimbikitsa kwambiri kuti nsungwi ndi rattan ziphatikizidwe mu zamoyo zosiyanasiyana za dziko ndi madera komanso kukonzekera nkhalango.
Mwachidule, nsungwi ndi rattan zimaonekera ngati othandizana nawo amphamvu polimbana ndi kudula mitengo ndi kutayika kwa zamoyo zosiyanasiyana. Zomera izi, zomwe nthawi zambiri sizimaganiziridwa m'ndondomeko za nkhalango chifukwa cha kusagawa mitengo m'magulu awo, zimasonyeza kuthekera kwawo ngati zida zamphamvu zachitukuko chokhazikika komanso kusunga chilengedwe. Kuvina kovuta pakati pa zomera zolimba izi ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhalamo kumasonyeza kuthekera kwa chilengedwe kupereka mayankho akapatsidwa mwayi.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-10-2023
