Poyang'anizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kudula mitengo mwachisawawa, kuwonongeka kwa nkhalango, ndi chiwopsezo cha kusintha kwa nyengo, nsungwi ndi rattan zikuwonekera ngati ngwazi zomwe sizinatchulidwe pofunafuna njira zothetsera mavuto.Ngakhale kuti nsungwi ndi udzu ndipo rattan ndi mgwalangwa wokwera m'mwamba, zomera zamitundumitundu zimenezi zimathandiza kwambiri kuteteza zamoyo zosiyanasiyana m'nkhalango padziko lonse.Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wopangidwa ndi International Bamboo and Rattan Organization (INBAR) ndi Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, apeza mitundu yoposa 1600 ya nsungwi ndi mitundu 600 ya rattan, ku Africa, Asia, ndi ku America.
Gwero la Moyo wa Flora ndi Fauna
nsungwi ndi rattan ndi magwero ofunikira opezera chakudya komanso pogona kwa nyama zakuthengo zambiri, kuphatikiza mitundu ingapo yomwe yatsala pang'ono kutha.Panda wamkulu wodziwika bwino, wokhala ndi zakudya zokhala ndi nsungwi zokwana makilogalamu 40 patsiku, ndi chitsanzo chimodzi chabe.Kupitilira pa panda, zolengedwa monga panda yofiira, gorila wa kumapiri, njovu ya ku India, zimbalangondo zowoneka bwino za ku South America, kamba wa pulawo, ndi nsungwi za ku Madagascar zonse zimadalira nsungwi kuti zidyetsedwe.Zipatso za rattan zimathandiza kwambiri mbalame, mileme, anyani, ndi zimbalangondo za ku Asia.
Kuwonjezera pa kudyetsa nyama zakuthengo, nsungwi zimakhalanso gwero lofunika kwambiri la chakudya cha ziweto, zomwe zimapatsa ng'ombe, nkhuku, ndi nsomba zotsika mtengo chaka chonse.Kafukufuku wa INBAR akuwonetsa momwe zakudya zophatikizira masamba a nsungwi zimalimbikitsira kufunikira kwa chakudya, motero zimachulukitsa mkaka wa ng'ombe pachaka m'magawo ngati Ghana ndi Madagascar.
Crucial Ecosystem Services
Lipoti la 2019 la INBAR ndi CIFOR likuwunikira ntchito zosiyanasiyana komanso zothandiza pazachilengedwe zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi nkhalango zansungwi, kupitilira udzu, minda yaulimi, ndi nkhalango zowonongeka kapena zobzalidwa.Lipotilo likugogomezera ntchito ya nsungwi popereka ntchito zowongolera, monga kukonzanso malo, kuwongolera kugumuka kwa nthaka, kuthira madzi apansi panthaka, komanso kuyeretsa madzi.Kuphatikiza apo, nsungwi zimathandizira kwambiri pakuthandizira moyo wakumidzi, zomwe zimapangitsa kukhala malo abwino kwambiri m'malo olima nkhalango kapena malo owonongeka.
Utumiki wina wochititsa chidwi wa nsungwi ndi kuthekera kwake kukonzanso malo owonongeka.Mizu yambiri ya pansi pa nthaka ya nsungwi imamangiriza nthaka, imateteza madzi kuti isasefuke, ndipo imakhalabe ndi moyo ngakhale pamene zotsalira zapansi pamwambazi zawonongedwa ndi moto.Ntchito zothandizidwa ndi INBAR m'malo ngati Allahabad, India, zawonetsa kukwera kwa madzi komanso kusintha kwa malo omwe kale anali migodi ya njerwa kukhala malo olimapo opindulitsa.Ku Ethiopia, nsungwi ndi mtundu wofunika kwambiri pa ntchito yothandizidwa ndi World Bank yobwezeretsa madera omwe adawonongeka, omwe amaphatikiza mahekitala opitilira 30 miliyoni padziko lonse lapansi.
Gwero Losatha la Moyo Wathu
Bamboo ndi rattan, pokhala zinthu zomwe zikukula mofulumira komanso zodzipangira okha, zimakhala ngati zodzitetezera ku kudula mitengo ndi kutayika kogwirizana ndi zamoyo zosiyanasiyana.Kukula kwawo kofulumira ndi kuchulukitsitsa kwa mitengo ikuluikulu kumapangitsa nkhalango za nsungwi kupereka zotsalira zake zambiri kuposa nkhalango zonse zachilengedwe ndi zobzalidwa, zomwe zimazipangitsa kukhala zamtengo wapatali pazakudya, chakudya, matabwa, mphamvu zamagetsi, ndi zomangira.Rattan, ngati chomera chobwezeretsanso mwachangu, imatha kukololedwa popanda kuvulaza mitengo.
Kuphatikizika kwa chitetezo cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zamoyo ndi kuthetsa umphawi kumawonekera m'machitidwe monga INBAR's Dutch-Sino-East Africa Bamboo Development Programme.Pobzala nsungwi m'malo otetezedwa ndi malo osungirako zachilengedwe, pulogalamuyi sikuti imangopatsa anthu am'deralo zomangira zokhazikika komanso zida zamanja komanso imateteza malo okhala anyani a m'mapiri.
Pulojekiti ina ya INBAR ku Chishui, China, ikuyang'ana kwambiri kutsitsimutsa luso la nsungwi.Pogwira ntchito limodzi ndi bungwe la UNESCO, ntchitoyi imathandizira ntchito zopezera ndalama zokhazikika pogwiritsa ntchito nsungwi zomwe zimakula mwachangu ngati njira yopezera ndalama.Chishui, malo a UNESCO World Heritage, amaika malamulo okhwima kuti ateteze chilengedwe chake, ndipo nsungwi zimatuluka ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri polimbikitsa kuteteza chilengedwe komanso moyo wabwino wachuma.
Udindo wa INBAR Polimbikitsa Zochita Zokhazikika
Kuyambira 1997, INBAR yakhala ikulimbikitsa kufunika kwa nsungwi ndi rattan pachitukuko chokhazikika, kuphatikiza kuteteza nkhalango ndi kusungitsa zachilengedwe.Zachidziwikire, bungweli lidachita gawo lofunikira kwambiri popanga mfundo za nsungwi za dziko la China, kupereka malingaliro kudzera m'mapulojekiti monga Bamboo Biodiversity Project.
Pakadali pano, INBAR ikugwira ntchito yojambula nsungwi padziko lonse lapansi, ikupereka maphunziro kwa masauzande ambiri omwe amapindula chaka chilichonse kuchokera ku Mamembala ake kuti alimbikitse kasamalidwe kabwino ka zinthu.Monga Observer wa UN Convention on Biological Diversity, INBAR imalimbikitsa mwachangu kuphatikizidwa kwa nsungwi ndi rattan pazachilengedwe zamitundumitundu ndi madera komanso mapulani a nkhalango.
M'malo mwake, nsungwi ndi rattan zimatuluka ngati othandizana nawo pankhondo yolimbana ndi kudula mitengo ndi kutayika kwamitundumitundu.Zomera izi, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimanyalanyazidwa m'malamulo a nkhalango chifukwa chosagawika kwamitengo, zikuwonetsa kuthekera kwawo ngati zida zamphamvu zachitukuko chokhazikika komanso kusungitsa chilengedwe.Kuvina kocholowana komwe kulipo pakati pa zomera zolimbazi ndi zachilengedwe zomwe zimakhalamo kumapereka chitsanzo cha luso lachilengedwe lotha kupereka njira zothetsera mavuto zikapatsidwa mpata.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-10-2023
